Jurnal Ilmu Pertanian Indonesia

Kaitan Struktur Komunitas Fitoplankton dengan Konsentrasi Nutrien dan Kekeruhan di Waduk Kedung Ombo

Mei Larasati, Siti Rudiyanti, Arif Rahman, Haeruddin Haeruddin, Kukuh Prakoso — Fri, 15 Mar 2024 00:00:00 +0700

Waduk Kedung Ombo banyak dimanfaatkan masyarakat sebagai sarana irigasi, sumber air minum, pembangkit tenaga listrik, pariwisata, dan KJA. Limbah bahan organik berupa sisa pakan dan kotoran ikan dari KJA menjadi isu utama terhadap penurunan kualitas perairan. Hal ini berdampak pada keragaman fitoplankton sebagai produsen primer di perairan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui konsentrasi nutrien dan kekeruhan, keragaman dan struktur komunitas fitoplankton, serta kaitan nutrien dan kekeruhan dengan keragaman fitoplankton. Sampling dilakukan 3 kali dengan interval waktu 1 bulan di 3 stasiun yang berbeda. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa konsentrasi nitrat berkisar antara 0,2 – 0,7 mg/L; fosfat 0,1 – 0,87 mg/L; dan kekeruhan 3,52 – 20,18 NTU. Keragaman fitoplankton berkisar antara 17.882 – 90.280 sel/L dengan indeks keanekaragaman rendah, indeks keseragaman tinggi, dan indeks dominansi rendah. Terdapat korelasi yang kuat antara nutrien dan kekeruhan terhadap keragaman fitoplankton dengan nilai r = 0,800 dan R2 = 0,640. Keragaman fitoplankton dipengaruhi oleh nutrien dan kekeruhan sebesar 64%, sedangkan sisanya 36% dipengaruhi oleh faktor lain.

Kata kunci: fitoplankton, kualitas air, nutrien, waduk kedung ombo

Dampak Pertanian Organik dan Konvenional pada Biodiversitas dan Sifat Kimia Tanah pada Budi Daya Tanaman Padi Sawah

Lilik Tri Indriyati, Sugeng Santoso, Enjeline Irianti — Fri, 15 Mar 2024 00:00:00 +0700

The phenomenon of leveling off and environmental degradation that occurs as a negative impact of the excessive use of chemical fertilizers and pesticides encourages the development of organic farming systems that can produce crop yields that are not contaminated and free from synthetic chemicals and maintain a healthier environment. The research was conducted from October to December 2022 by taking soil samples from farmers' paddy fields in Tegal Regency using an organic (Cawitali Village) and conventional or non-organic (Jembayat Village) farming system. Composite soil samples were taken from a soil depth of 0 to 20 cm from the soil surface using a soil drill on lowland rice fields with organic farming systems and conventional farming after harvest. The analysis of the chemical properties of the soil carried out was C-organic (Walkley and Black), N-total (Kjeldahl), CEC and soil bases (exch-Ca, exch-Mg, exch-K, and exch-Na), total P (25% HCl) and available P (Bray I), while the observed soil biological properties were the total number of microbial and fungal populations. The results showed that organic paddy soil's chemical and biological properties were relatively higher than conventional paddy soil's. Total fungi in organic lowland soils were lower than in conventional paddy fields. The nutrient status of C-organic and N-total in organic rice fields tended to increase compared to conventional rice fields, namely from very low to low and low to moderate, respectively. In contrast, the other nutrient statuses observed tended to remain relatively unchanged. Generally, soil biological and chemical properties were better in organic farming than in conventional farming systems.

Keywords: leveling off, organic farming, conventional farming, nutrient status

Strategi Meningkatkan Daya Saing Bawang Merah Melalui Prediksi Harga

Eka Nurjati, Fransisca Susanti Wiryawan — Fri, 15 Mar 2024 00:00:00 +0700

Shallots contribute significantly to the formation of food commodity inflation caused by high price fluctuations. Precise price forecasting is vital for all agribusiness actors, from farmers, traders, and consumers to production and inventory management. This research aims to identify the forecasting prices for shallot producers and consumers and formulate strategies to increase the competitiveness of shallots. This research uses the SARIMA method to capture seasonal elements in the data. The data used is time series data on shallot prices at the consumer and producer levels from January-November 2021. Determining the best SARIMA model uses the auto-arima technique, which shows that the best SARIMA for shallot prices at the producer level is ARIMA (2,1,2)(2,0,0)[12]. In contrast, the price of shallots at the consumer level is ARIMA (5,1,1)(1,0,1)[12]. The prediction results show that the dynamics of shallot prices in the future will continue to follow seasonal patterns as in previous years, namely, high prices during the lean season and religious holidays and low prices during the harvest season. The government needs to strengthen its policy of stabilizing shallot prices at both consumer and producer levels. Availability of agricultural inputs, adoption of technology for post-harvest and marketing, value-added innovation, and infrastructure improvements are strategic efforts to strengthen the competitiveness of shallots.

Keywords: consumer price, price fluctuation, producer price, shallot

Imunitas dan Produktivitas Puyuh Periode Bertelur dengan Pemberian Tepung Daun Senduduk (Melastoma malabathricum L.) dalam Pakan

Jirfan Dawanto, Niken Ulupi, Hera Maheshwari — Fri, 15 Mar 2024 00:00:00 +0700

Senduduk leaf flour (Melastoma malabatricum L.) is a processed product from weed plants that can potentially be a source of nutrients and bioactive compounds that are beneficial for human and livestock health. This research aims to examine the immunity and productivity of quail during the egg-laying period by administering senduduk leaf flour. This study used 120 female quail aged 40 weeks, which were kept for 4 weeks. The experimental design used was a Completely Randomized Design. The treatment of providing senduduk leaf flour in feed consisted of four treatment levels, namely P0 (without flour), P1 (feed + 1.5% flour), P2 (feed + 3% flour), and P3 (feed + 4.5% flour). The data were analyzed using Analysis of Variance and descriptive analysis. The results showed that adding senduduk leaf meal can reduce egg yolk cholesterol and increase quail immunity. Adding senduduk leaf meal at a 3% level produced the best immunity and performance, with a feed conversion value of 2.81. The 4.5% addition of senduduk leaf flour produced the lowest cholesterol level in quail egg yolk.

Keywords: egg quality, immunity, performance, quail, senduduk leaf

Efek Antijamur Ekstrak Daun Selasih Liar (Ocimum gratissimum) pada Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cepae dan Alternaria porri pada Bawang Merah The antifungal properties of clove basil (Ocimum gratissimum L.) extract on Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. Cepae and Alter

Bambang Nugroho, Warmanti Mildaryani — Fri, 15 Mar 2024 00:00:00 +0700

The antifungal properties of clove basil (Ocimum gratissimum L.) extract on Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. Cepae and Alternaria porri were evaluated in vitro and in vivo. Thirty grams of the clove basil sterilized leaves were mashed in a sterile mortar, soaked for 24 hr in 100 mL of 96% ethanol as an extractant. The extract was filtered through sterile Whatman No. 1 filter paper and stored at 4°C for subsequent use. Three different concentrations (5, 10, and 15%) were applied using the poisoned food technique. A 4-mm diameter mycelial disc of each tested fungus was inoculated on each amended agar plate. Daily radial growth was recorded for 7 days. For the in vivo test, two different concentrations (15% and 20%) were used. No spray and mancozeb spraying were used as controls. Seed bulbs of shallots were planted in a 25 cm x 25 cm polybag and allowed to be naturally infected by Alternaria porri. The clove basil leaf extract and mancozeb were sprayed onto the plants once a week, starting when the first symptom of the purple blotch disease appeared. The results showed that clove basil leaf extract had good efficacy in inhibiting F. Oxysporum f. sp. Cepae and A. Porri in vitro, with a growth inhibition up to 55%. The extract can also reduce the disease intensity of purple blotch with an infection rate of 0.029, indicating that it has the potential to be developed as a botanical fungicide.

Keywords: antifungal effect, Alternaria porri, clove basil, Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cepae, leaf extract

Application of Various Nutrition to the Growth and Production of Melon (Cucumis melo L.) Hydroponic DRFT (Dynamic Root Floating Technique)

Chairudin Chairudin, Rika Fitria, Evi Julianita Harahap — Fri, 15 Mar 2024 00:00:00 +0700

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh pemberian nutrisi terhadap pertumbuhan dan produksi tanaman melon secara hidroponik DRFT (Dynamic Root Floating Technique). Rancangan percobaan yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah rancangan acak kelompok (RAK) dengan pola non faktorial dengan 3 perlakuan dengan 3 ulangan. Faktor yang diteliti adalah nutrisi yang terdiri dari 3 taraf yaitu N1 (AB Mix) = 5 mL/l, N2 (Goodplant) = 5 mL/l, dan N3 (Hydro-J) = 5 mL/l. Parameter yang diamati adalah tinggi tanaman (cm), jumlah daun (helai), diameter batang (mm), bobot buah (kg), dan diameter buah (mm). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa perlakuan N3 (Hydro-J) berbeda nyata terhadap parameter tinggi tanaman dan jumlah daun pada umur 21 hari setelah tanam dan 28 hari setelah tanam dibandingkan dengan N2 (Goodplant), namun tidak berbeda nyata dengan N1 (AB mix).

Keywords: Nutrisi AB Mix, Goodplant, Hydro-J

Tingkatan Mutu dan Mitigasi Risiko pada Penanganan Udang Windu di PPI Selili Samarinda ke Pasar Barong Tongkok, Melak

Andri Pratama, Mustaruddin Mustaruddin, Fis Purwangka — Mon, 18 Mar 2024 00:00:00 +0700

East Kalimantan has a superior commodity: tiger shrimp (Penaeus monodon). Some of these commodities are marketed to several areas in Samarinda City and to areas outside Samarinda City, namely West Kutai Regency (Barong Tongkok Market). The distribution process uses a cold chain (cool box) system for 12 hours of travel. Long distribution times cause product quality to decrease. This study aims to assess tiger shrimp's quality and handling strategies using a cold chain system at PPI Selili Samarinda City. The quality level is determined using organoleptic testing at points 1 (PPI Selili) and 2 (Pasar Barong Tongkok). The formal safety assessment (FSA) method is used to identify risks in each handling activity, risk assessment associated with tiger shrimp deterioration, risk control, and recommendations to minimize quality degradation. Based on organoleptic tests, the quality of tiger shrimp is included in the category of safe for consumption. Product handling activities included unloading products from ships, moving them to terminals, washing, structuring, packaging in cool boxes, transportation by shipping services, shipping to Melak Pasar Barong Tongkok, unloading from shipping services, and product arrangement. The highest potential risk is handling shipments to Melak Pasar Barong Tongkok, which has 22 potential hazards. Risk mitigation can be applied through socialization and evaluation related to suitable fish handling methods (CPIB) and making operational schedules for cleaning in the product loading and unloading area before and after handling activities.

Keywords: formal safety assessment, risk management, handling strategy, transportation, tiger shrimp

Kinerja Usaha Pelayanan Jasa Alsintan (UPJA) Berdasarkan Balanced Scorecard di Provinsi Yogyakarta

Adi Prayoga, Kemal Mahfud, Irwanto Irwanto, Temy Temy Indrayanti — Fri, 15 Mar 2024 00:00:00 +0700

This study aims to evaluate the performance of the Alsintan Service Business (UPJA) in the Beginner class, Developing class, and Professional class. The research was conducted using survey techniques and analyzed descriptively and qualitatively using a balanced scorecard (BSC) approach. UPJA samples were determined purposively, namely UPJA that represents each class: UPJA Sumber Makmur as UPJA Professional class, UPJA OJHA as UPJA Beginner class in Sleman Regency, and UPJA Tirtosari as UPJA Developing class in Gunungkidul Regency. Respondents were UPJA managers and employees. The results showed that, based on the financial perspective, the performance of the UPJA Beginner class and UPJA Developing class was fairly good, while the UPJA Professional class was good. Based on the customer's perspective, UPJA's performance in all classes falls into the good category. Based on the perspective of internal business processes, the performance of the three UPJA classes has innovated the development of service business services and has carried out service business operations in the medium category. Based on the perspective of learning and growth, the performance of all UPJA classes already provides satisfactory facilities for their employees. However, the UPJA Beginner class and Developing class need to improve the ability of its operators through training.

Keywords: agricultural machine tools service business, balanced scorecard, performance analysis, UPJA

Evaluasi Mutu Fisikokimia Beras Hasil Persilangan antara Empat Padi Varietas Unggul dan Padi Liar (Oryza glaberrima dan O. rufipogon)

Fri, 15 Mar 2024 00:00:00 +0700

The physicochemical quality of rice is evaluated to ensure that it is fit for consumption and meets established quality standards. This study aims to analyze the physicochemical properties of rice strains resulting from crosses between four high-yielding varieties of rice and two wild rices so that the appropriate genotype is obtained for the development of quality rice. The research was conducted from November 2019 to March 2020 at the Quality Laboratory, Muara Experimental Garden, Rice Research Center, Bogor. The rice genotypes used were 22 strains resulting from crosses between high-yielding varieties of rice (Ciherang, Inpari 13, Inpari 10, and Situ Bagendit), and wild rice (Oryza glaberrima and O. rufipogon), 4 comparison varieties of crossbred elders, and two comparison varieties of organoleptic tests (Memberamo and IR42). Physical and chemical qualities were observed in terms of grain moisture content, grain density, broken skin rice yield, milled rice yield, head rice yield, rice length, rice shape, and rice liming, amylose content, gelatinization temperature, and organoleptic. The results showed that the strains 44-F-C21, 58-F-C21, and 59-F-C21 provided fairly good rice quality with head rice yields above 80% and higher than their respective elders (Situ Bagendit and Ciherang), and water content below 14%. These strains had characteristic characteristics, namely medium rice form, amylose content of 26.38%, and alkali score of 2-3. Most of these genotypes also exhibited high gelatinization temperatures, medium rice texture, and savory rice flavors. The genotype selected from the results of crosses between high-yielding varieties of rice and wild rice has the potential to be developed because there are genetic improvements from its elders on several physicochemical characteristics of rice.

Keywords: amylose content; gelatinization temperature; physicochemical properties; rice lines; wild rice

The Efektivitas Jet Aerator dalam Pengolahan Limbah Cair Penyamakan Kulit

Mon, 18 Mar 2024 00:00:00 +0700

Finished leather, a primary material for making shoes, bags, and wallets, is processed through tanning to remove veins and feathers. Liquid waste contains a high demand for chemical oxygen (COD), chloride, chromium, and sulfide that can affect river water quality if not treated further. This research was conducted at PT X in Malang City, where liquid waste treatment using an aerator is considered less effective. The tool used in this study is a jet aerator to increase the spread of oxygen in the aeration process. The study aimed to assess changes in the characteristics of tanning liquid waste (pH, temperature, total suspended solids/TSS), and COD) and the effectiveness of using jet aerators in aeration methods in tanning liquid waste treatment. Aeration is carried out for three days. The treatment carried out is aerator + 15 L (A15), jet aerator + 15 L (JA15), and jet aerator + 20 L (JA20). The data were analyzed using Factorial Complete Randomized Design followed by the Smallest Significant Difference test. pH and temperature have met quality standards, while TSS and COD have not. The results showed that the jet aerator +15 L (JA15) decreased maximum tanning liquid waste characteristics on day 1. In contrast, aerator +15 L (A15) and jet aerator +20 L (JA20) decreased maximum waste characteristics on day 2. The jet aerator+15 L (JA15) treatment provides the highest effectiveness value compared to other treatments. COD decreased 49.2%, and TSS decreased 49.7%.

Keywords: jet aerator, leather tanning liquid waste

Effects of Mycorrhizal on The Growth and Yield of Cayenne Pepper (Capsicum frutescens L.)

Sumiyati Tuhuteru, Rein Edward Yohanes Rumbiak, Inrianti Inrianti — Mon, 18 Mar 2024 00:00:00 +0700

Innovations are required to increase the production of cayenne pepper (Capsicum frutescens L), mainly due to the need for more quality land, such as dry land in Wamena. The innovation uses biological microorganisms that positively impact plants, such as arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF). Therefore, this experiment aimed to determine the response of the growth and yield of cayenne pepper plants cultivated in dry land to the application of mycorrhiza. The research was conducted using a completely randomized design with one factor: the mycorrhizae dose (0, 20, 50, 80, and 120 g). The research results were analyzed using ANOVA, and the analysis process continued with the 5% level DMRT test. The research results on the growth of cayenne pepper are visible in the plant height parameters of the 80 g treatment (75 DAP: 93.4 cm) and the 120 g treatment (95 DAP: 103.3 cm). Then, the stem diameter parameter showed a real influence by the 120 g mycorrhiza treatment at 35 and 75 DAP and the 80 g mycorrhiza treatment at 95 DAP. The excellent response of plants to the 80 g and 120 g mycorrhiza treatments also impacted the plant's total chlorophyll content and the number of leaves produced, which then impacted the number of productive branches. So, the effect on the yield of cayenne pepper plants is that the number of fruits treated with 80 g of mycorrhiza was 89.7 fruits, with the weight of the heaviest cayenne pepper fruit being 68.0 g by the treatment of 120 g of mycorrhiza with a fresh weight of 17.6 g and a total dry plant of 10.2 g compared to the control.

Keywords: Arbuscular mycorrhiza, Biofertilizers, fungi, marginal land, Wamena

Karakterisasi Ekson 4 Gen DRD4 pada Ayam Arab Tiara G15 dengan Tingkah Laku Feather Pecking

Achmad Farajallah, Pristina Tuti Wijayanti, Achmad Alfiyan, Maria Ulfah — Mon, 18 Mar 2024 00:00:00 +0700

Feather pecking (FP) is a potentially fatal behavioral disorder in chickens. Various factors, including genetics such as DRD4 gene, affected this behavior. The Arab TIARA G15 chicken is a laying hen breed selected based on FP behavior. However, genetic selection linked to this FP as not yet been conducted. This study aimed to characterize the 4th exon of the DRD4 gene in Arab golden red TIARA G15 chickens and confirm its potential as an FP genetic marker. The study used 30 TIARA G15 chickens that were divided into three groups: high feather pecking (HFP) (n = 10), low feather pecking (LFP) (n = 10), and control (n = 10). The DNA extraction kit extracted total genomic DNA from each blood sample. The 4th exon of the DRD4 gene was amplified using primer pairs MU140-141. Amplicons from samples within a group were pooled in a single tube and sequenced using the Sanger method. The sequencing results were analyzed for nucleotide variation using MEGA6 software. Nucleotide sequences obtained from each group were 642 bp, consisting of partial intron 3 (55 bp), full-length exon 4 (202 bp), and partial 3'UTR (385 bp). None of the three groups of Arab golden red TIARA G15 chickens were found to have any nucleotide variants in the partial intron 3, full-length exon 4, and 3'UTR regions of the DRD4 gene. Consequently, selecting the full-length exon 4 of the DRD4 gene for FP behavior was not feasible.

Keywords: arab chicken, DRD4, feather pecking, golden red

Pengaruh Pupuk Kotoran Sapi dan Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria pada Produksi Tanaman Buncis

Anggi Bimantara Andharesta, Sundahri Sundahri — Mon, 18 Mar 2024 00:00:00 +0700

The productivity of common beans has fluctuated in the last 5 years. The decrease and increase in productivity occur due to decreased soil quality due to a lack of organic matter. Plant productivity with excessive use of inorganic fertilizers can reduce soil fertility. The solution to restoring microbial activity and soil fertility levels can be taken through a nature farming approach, namely by utilizing organic fertilizers derived from cow manure and additional plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) biological fertilizers. This research was conducted at a production site on Jalan Tidar, Jember, East Java, from January to March 2023. The design used was factorial RAK with 3 repetitions. The first factor was the dose of cow manure, which consists of 4 levels, namely 0, 10, 15, and 20 tons/ha. The second factor was the concentration of PGPR, which consists of 4 levels: 0, 10, 15, and 20 mL/L. The results do not show any interaction between cow manure and PGPR on all parameters. Cow manure has a noticeable effect on growth parameters and quantity. The best dose of cow manure and the highest protein content value was 20 tons/ha. The concentration of PGPR had only a noticeable effect on plant height and number of leaves. PGPR concentrations of 15 mL/L and 20 mL/L both give the best results and produce the highest antioxidant activity value at 15 mL/L.

Keywords: Antioxidant activity, common bean, cow manure, pgpr, protein

Pengaruh Pupuk Organik Cair Kulit Pisang Kepok pada Pertumbuhan dan Produksi Okra (Abelmoschus esculentus)

Elfarisna Elfarisna, Annisa Rachman, Erlina Rahmayuni — Mon, 18 Mar 2024 00:00:00 +0700

The content in banana peels, namely protein, calcium, phosphorus, magnesium, sodium, and sulfur, has the potential to be used as liquid organic fertilizer (LOF). This study aims to evaluate the application of various doses of LOF derived from kepok banana peel on the growth and production of okra plants. The experiment was carried out at the Experimental Garden of the Faculty of Agriculture, University of Muhammadiyah Jakarta, from March to July 2021. The experiment used a Randomized Group Design (RAK), with six treatments and four repeats. The treatments are P0 (inorganic fertilizer as a control), P1 (50 mL LOF), P2 (75 mL LOF), P3 (100 mL LOF), P4 (125 mL LOF), and P5 (150 mL LOF). The results showed that the application of kepok banana peel LOF did not affect the growth and production of okra plants compared to the application of inorganic fertilizers. The cause is the low nutrient content in LOF banana peel of kepok.

Keywords: as liquid organic fertilizer, inorganic fertilizer, kepok, liquid organic fertilizer, okra

Dinamika dan Daya Saing Sektor Pertanian di Kabupaten Padang Pariaman, Sumatera Barat

Zori Mahendra, Widya Fitriana, Yuerlita Yuerlita — Mon, 18 Mar 2024 00:00:00 +0700

Regional economic development is closely related to the role of the agricultural sector. In addition to food production, agriculture also contributes to the absorption of labor. During the COVID-19 pandemic, regional economic growth in Indonesia tended to decline, as well as in Padang Pariaman. Padang Pariaman will have a negative growth rate of 10.46% in 2020, the lowest compared to the average GDP growth rate of the other region in West Sumatra. This study aims to determine the dynamics and competitiveness of the agricultural sector compared to the other sectors. The research was conducted in a quantitative and descriptive manner using time series data for the period 2016–2020 from BPS. Data analysis using Klassen typology and shift share analysis. The results showed that the agricultural sector has an average share of 21.37% of the GDP of Padang Pariaman. Based on Klassen's typology analysis, the agriculture sector was included in the potential sector category in 2017–2019 but shifted to the developed sector category in 2020. Despite experiencing slow growth, the results of shift share analysis show that the agricultural sector in Padang Pariaman is still competitive. Increasing the competitiveness of the agricultural sector can be pursued by expanding sector linkages with the other economic sectors and increasing diversification of economics activities in agricultural sector

Keywords: agricultural sector; shift share analysis; tipology klassen

In Vitro Anthelmintic Activity of Orthosiphon aristatus (Blume) Miq Leaves Against Haemonchus contortus

Mon, 18 Mar 2024 00:00:00 +0700

Haemonchosis is an infection caused by the Haemonchus contortus worm, a blood-sucking gastrointestinal parasite that can also infect humans. Orthosiphon aristatus (Blume) Miq leaves have been shown to have anthelmintic activity due to the presence of saponins, flavonoids, and tannins. This study aimed to determine the anthelmintic activity of ethanol extract of Orthosiphon aristatus (Blume) Miq leaves against H. contortus. The infective H. contortus larvae were divided into six treatment groups: a 0.5% ethanol extract concentration group, a 1% ethanol extract concentration group, a 2% ethanol extract concentration group, a 4% ethanol extract concentration group, a positive control group (+), and a negative control group (-), each with four replicates. The study was conducted in six hours, with observations made at the 1st, 2nd, 4th, and 6th hours. The results showed that the death of the larvae increased with higher ethanol extract concentrations and longer exposure to the ethanol extract of Orthosiphon aristatus (Blume) Miq leaves. The time of death for infective H. contortus larvae given the ethanol extract of Orthosiphon aristatus (Blume) Miq leaves was at the 4th hour, and the effective dose of the ethanol extract as an anthelmintic was at the concentration of 0.5%.

Keywords: Anthelmintic, Haemonchus contortus, Orthosiphon aristatus

Evaluasi Program Pekarangan Pangan Lestari (P2L) untuk Mewujudkan Ketahanan Pangan Rumah Tangga di Kota Padang

Dian Hafizah, Ismi Padilah, Nuraini Budi Astuti — Mon, 18 Mar 2024 00:00:00 +0700

The purposes of research are to describe the implementation of the Sustainable Food Crop Program and evaluate the activities of the Sustainable Food Crop Program in Padang City. This research method used a quantitative descriptive method with a survey research type. The samples taken were 36 people from 9 KWTs. Data were collected using a questionnaire. The results of the research show that the implementation of the Sustainable Food Yard Program (P2L) in Padang City has been conducted well in accordance with the Technical Instructions for Implementing the P2L program in 2022. For the second objective, it was evaluated using four variables, namely target accuracy, program socialization, program objectives, and program monitoring. The research results were displayed in the form of scores and it was found that the total percentage score for all variables was 94.79%. The target accuracy variable obtained a score of 37.69 with a score percentage of 94%. The program socialization variable obtained a score of 37.75 with a score percentage of 94%. The program objective variable obtained a score of 36.22 with a score percentage of 91% and the program monitoring variable obtained a score of 16.00 with a percentage of 100%. It can be concluded that the Food Yard Program (P2L) in Padang City has been conducted effectively.

Keywords: budikdamber, effectiveness, food security, sustainable food crop (P2L)

Histopatologi Hepar Tikus Dengan Induksi Pakan Tinggi Lemak Setelah Pemberian Biji Mahoni

Agave Chintya Gabriella Sijabat, Sri Isdadiyanto, Agung Janika Sitasiwi — Mon, 18 Mar 2024 00:00:00 +0700

High accumulation of lipids in hepatocytes can trigger an increase in the production of radical compounds, leading to fatty liver disease. This condition induces histological changes in the liver, especially in hepatocytes, and affects the surrounding structures. Mahogany seeds have the potential to act as a hypolipidemic agent in treating fatty liver. Mahogany seeds are known to contain phytochemical compounds which act as antioxidants. This study aimed to determine liver histopathology of rats by inducing high-fat diet after giving mahogany seeds ethanol extract which was observed through the percentage of steatosis, hepatocyte diameter, and hepatosomatic index. This study involved thirty male Sprague Dawley rats, divided into 6 groups: P0 (given commercial feed), P1 (given high-fat diet), P2 (given high-fat diet and simvastatin at a dose of 8 mg/200 g BW), P3, P4, and P5 (given high-fat diet and mahogany seeds ethanol extract at a dose of 14, 28, and 56 mg/200 g BW). The results showed that the hepatosomatic index among all treatment groups did not differ significantly; however, the percentage of steatosis and hepatocyte diameter in the groups given mahogany seeds ethanol extract significantly differed from the group given only high-fat feed. Based on these results, it can be concluded that mahogany seed ethanol extract can maintain the histological structure of the liver in male Sprague Dawley rats with fatty liver.

Keywords: hepatocyte, hepatosomatic index, high-fat diet, mahogany seeds, steatosis

Ekstraksi Bunga Kecombrang dan Rosela dengan Metode MAE serta Aplikasinya pada Produk Permen Jelly

Mon, 22 Apr 2024 00:00:00 +0700

Research in recent years has shown the antioxidant activities of kecombrang and roselle flowers, as well as the antibacterial properties of kecombrang, so these materials have potentials to be developed as a functional food product. With an easy manufacturing process and basic ingredients that are easy to obtain, jelly candy is one of the preparations that can be applied to kecombrang and roselle flower extracts. This research aims 1) to determine the effect of variations in microwave-assisted extraction time and power on the physicochemical characteristics of the resulting extract and 2) to determine the effect of variations in the ratio of kecombrang and roselle flower extracts as ingredients for jelly candy products on the physical, chemicall, and sensory characteristics of the product. Research on the extraction of kecombrang and roselle flower powder used a randomized block design (RBD). Treatment consisted of two factors: 1) extraction power (150, 200, and 250 watts); 2) extraction time (3, 5, and 7 minutes). The data obtained were analyzed using the SPSS program. The analysis results showed that the best extraction of kecombrang and roselle flowers were at 250 watts of power and 5 minutes of extraction time. The best extraction results are then processed into jelly candy with the best sensory results in the 15%:25% sample. This jelly candy product contains reduced sugar levels of 12.41%, vitamin C levels of 23.58 mg/100g, total phenol levels of 47.58 mg/100g, total flavonoid levels of 18.80 mg/100g, and antioxidant activity amounting to 28.24 mg/100g.

Keywords: extraction, jelly candy, kecombrang, MAE, rosella

Pengendalian Hama Terpadu pada Peremajaan Sawit Rakyat di Kecamatan Pangkalan Kuras, Riau

Siti Rizkah Sagala, Hermanu Triwidodo, Widodo Widodo — Fri, 15 Mar 2024 00:00:00 +0700

The rapid development of oil palm replanting areas will lead to ecological problems such as plant disturbing organisms. Pest and disease attacks are obstacles farmers face when developing their farms, especially in smallholder oil palm plantations. This study aims to examine the components of cultivation techniques, environmental factors, and human resources that influence the application of IPM on smallholder oil palm replanting land in Pangkalan Kuras District, Pelalawan Regency, Riau Province. The methods used in this study included the purposive determination of 60 respondents, data collection through interviews with farmers, field surveys, and data analysis. The results showed that socio-economic aspects influenced farmers' actions in implementing IPM. Farmer knowledge about pests and diseases of oil palm plants was 36%. Farmers have applied several pest and disease control techniques in oil palm cultivation on replanting land. However, most farmers (60%) are still unfamiliar with the term IPM, need to learn the role of natural enemies in pest control in the field, and lack regular monitoring.

Keywords: disease, IPM, palm oil, pest, replanting