KOMPLEKSITAS EKONOMI PERDAGANGAN SEBAGAI UPAYA MENURUNKAN EMISI NITROGEN DIOKSIDA: EKC NEGARA G20
Abstrak
Pertumbuhan ekonomi yang berkualitas tidak hanya meningkatkan ukuran ekonomi suatu negara. Namun juga meningkatkan kapabilitas dari sumber daya manusia dan pengembangan variasi teknologi yang digunakan dalam proses produksinya, di mana faktor tersebut dapat dijelaskan oleh Economic Complexity Index (ECI). Banyak negara mengakselerasi pertumbuhan ekonominya melalui optimalisasi sektor industri, akan tetapi sektor ini masih didominasi oleh energi tak terbarukan seperti minyak bumi dan batu bara sehingga menyebabkan peningkatan emisi termasuk emisi nitrogen dioksida (N2O) dikontribusikan melalui pembakaran bahan bakar fosil dan limbah padat. Metode analisis menggunakan panel Fully Modified Ordinary Least Squares (FMOLS) and Dynamic Ordinary Least Squares (DOLS) pada 18 negara anggota G20 sejak 1995-2020, serta menggunakan konsep pendekatan Environmental Kuznets Curve (EKC) untuk melihat pengaruh jangka panjang ECI terhadap emisi N2O. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa variabel ECI dan energi terbarukan berpengaruh signifikan dalam menurunkan emisi, sedangkan Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) tidak signifikan. Implikasi kebijakan yaitu negara mendorong peningkatan produk ekspor kompleks menggunakan bahan ramah lingkungan dan terbarukan (eco-friendly and renewable).
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